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Prashna Upanishad

Chapter 1

प्रथमः प्रश्नः

First Prashna

Verses

  1. Verse 1

    oṃ bhadraṃ karṇebhiḥ śṛṇuyāma devā bhadraṃ paśyemākṣabhiryajatrāḥ | sthirairaṅgaistuṣṭuvāṃsastanūbhirvyaśema devahitaṃ yadāyuḥ | svasti na indro vṛddhaśravāḥ svasti naḥ pūṣā viśvavedāḥ | svasti nastārkṣyo ariṣṭanemiḥ svasti no bṛhaspatirdadhātu || oṃ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ||

    Meaning

    Om. O gods, may we hear what is auspicious with our ears; may we see what is auspicious with our eyes, O worshipful ones. With steady limbs and bodies, may we, offering praise, enjoy the life allotted by the gods. May Indra of great fame bless us; may the all-knowing Pushan bless us; may Tarkshya (Garuda), the averter of harm, bless us; may Brihaspati grant us well-being. Om, peace, peace, peace.

  2. Verse 2

    oṃ sukeśā ca bhāradvājaḥ śaibyaśca satyakāmaḥ sauryāyaṇī ca gārgyaḥ kausalyaścāśvalāyano bhārgavo vaidarbhiḥ kabandhī kātyāyanaste haite brahmaparā brahmaniṣṭhāḥ paraṃ brahmānveṣamāṇā eṣa ha vai tatsarvaṃ vakṣyatīti te ha samitpāṇayo bhagavantaṃ pippalādamupasannāḥ || 1.1||

    Meaning

    Om. Sukesha Bharadvaja, Shaibya Satyakama, Sauryayani Gargya, Kausalya Ashvalayana, Bhargava Vaidarbhi, and Kabandhi Katyayana — these, devoted to Brahman, firm in Brahman, seeking the supreme Brahman, approached the venerable Pippalada with fuel in hand, (thinking) 'he will surely tell all that.'

  3. Verse 3

    tānha sa ṛṣiruvāca bhūya eva tapasā brahmacaryeṇa śraddhayā saṃvatsaraṃ saṃvatsyatha yathākāmaṃ praśnān pṛcchata yadi vijñāsyāmaḥ sarvaṃ ha vo vakṣyāma iti || 1.2||

    Meaning

    To them the sage said: 'Dwell here yet a year more in tapas, brahmacarya, and faith; then ask questions as you wish. If we know, we shall tell you all.'

  4. Verse 4

    atha kabandhī kātyāyana upetya papraccha | bhagavan kute ha vā imāḥ prajāḥ prajāyanta iti || 1.3||

    Meaning

    Then Kabandhi Katyayana approached and asked: 'Lord, whence are these creatures born?'

  5. Verse 5

    tasmai sa hovāca prajākāmo vai prajāpatiḥ sa tapo'tapyata sa tapastaptvā sa mithunamutpādayate | rayiṃ ca prāṇaṃ cetyetau me bahudhā prajāḥ kariṣyata iti || 1.4||

    Meaning

    To him he said: 'Prajapati, desiring offspring, performed tapas. Having performed tapas, he produced a pair — Rayi (matter) and Prana (life) — (thinking) "these two will make manifold creatures for me."'

  6. Verse 6

    ādityo ha vai prāṇo rayireva candramā rayirvā etat sarvaṃ yanmūrtaṃ cāmūrtaṃ ca tasmānmūrtireva rayiḥ || 1.5||

    Meaning

    The sun is verily Prana (life); Rayi is the moon. Rayi is all this, both the formed and the formless; therefore form (murti) is indeed Rayi.

  7. Verse 7

    athāditya udayanyatprācīṃ diśaṃ praviśati tena prācyān prāṇān raśmiṣu sannidhatte | yaddakṣiṇāṃ yat pratīcīṃ yadudīcīṃ yadadho yadūrdhvaṃ yadantarā diśo yat sarvaṃ prakāśayati tena sarvān prāṇān raśmiṣu sannidhatte || 1.6||

    Meaning

    Now the sun, when it rises, enters the eastern quarter, and thereby gathers the eastern creatures (pranas) into its rays. And when it lights up the southern, western, northern, lower, upper, and intermediate quarters — all — it gathers all the creatures into its rays.

  8. Verse 8

    sa eṣa vaiśvānaro viśvarūpaḥ prāṇo'gnirudayate | tadetadṛcā'bhyuktam || 1.7||

    Meaning

    This Vaishvanara, of all forms, the Prana, the fire, rises (as the sun). This is declared in the Rik verse:

  9. Verse 9

    viśvarūpaṃ hariṇaṃ jātavedasaṃ parāyaṇaṃ jyotirekaṃ tapantam | sahasraraśmiḥ śatadhā vartamānaḥ prāṇaḥ prajānāmudayatyeṣa sūryaḥ || 1.8||

    Meaning

    Of all forms, golden, all-knowing (Jatavedas), the final goal, the one light, giving heat — the thousand-rayed, abiding in a hundred forms, the Prana of creatures — this sun rises.

  10. Verse 10

    saṃvatsaro vai prajāpatistasyāyane dakṣiṇaṃ cottaraṃ ca | tadye ha vai tadiṣṭāpūrte kṛtamityupāsate te cāndramasameva lokamabhijayante | ta eva punarāvartante tasmādeta ṛṣayaḥ prajākāmā dakṣiṇaṃ pratipadyante | eṣa ha vai rayiryaḥ pitṛyāṇaḥ || 1.9||

    Meaning

    The year is verily Prajapati; of it there are two paths, the southern and the northern. Those who worship (thinking) 'sacrifice and good works are (all that is) to be done' win only the world of the moon; they return again. Therefore the sages who desire offspring take the southern path. This is Rayi, the path of the ancestors (pitriyana).

  11. Verse 11

    athottareṇa tapasā brahmacaryeṇa śraddhayā vidyayā''tmānamanviṣyādityamabhijayante | etadvai prāṇānāmāyatanametadamṛtamabhayametat parāyaṇametasmānna punarāvartanta ityeṣa nirodhastadeṣa ślokaḥ || 1.10||

    Meaning

    But by the northern (path), seeking the Self through tapas, brahmacarya, faith, and knowledge, they win the sun. This is the abode of the pranas, the immortal, the fearless, the supreme goal; from this they do not return. This is the stopping (of rebirth). On this there is a verse:

  12. Verse 12

    pañcapādaṃ pitaraṃ dvādaśākṛtiṃ diva āhuḥ pare ardhe purīṣiṇam | atheme anya u pare vicakṣaṇaṃ saptacakre ṣaḍara āhurarpitamiti || 1.11||

    Meaning

    They call Him the father of five feet and twelve forms, full of waters, in the higher half of heaven; and others (call) Him the all-seeing, set in the chariot of seven wheels and six spokes (below).

  13. Verse 13

    māso vai prajāpatistasya kṛṣṇapakṣa eva rayiḥ śuklaḥ praṇastasmādeta ṛṣayaḥ śukla iṣṭaṃ kurvantītara itarasmin || 1.12||

    Meaning

    The month is verily Prajapati; its dark fortnight is Rayi, its bright (fortnight) Prana. Therefore these sages perform sacrifice in the bright (fortnight); the others (do so) in the other.

  14. Verse 14

    ahorātro vai prajāpatistasyāhareva prāṇo rātrireva rayiḥ prāṇaṃ vā ete praskandanti ye divā ratyā saṃyujyante brahmacaryameva tadyadrātrau ratyā saṃyujyante || 1.13||

    Meaning

    Day and night are verily Prajapati; of these, the day is Prana and the night is Rayi. Those who join in union by day spill their prana (life); to join in union by night is (as good as) brahmacarya.

  15. Verse 15

    annaṃ vai prajāpatistato ha vai tadretastasmādimāḥ prajāḥ prajāyanta iti || 1.14||

    Meaning

    Food is verily Prajapati; from it comes seed; from that these creatures are born.

  16. Verse 16

    tadye ha vai tat prajāpativrataṃ caranti te mithunamutpādayante | teṣāmevaiṣa brahmaloko yeṣāṃ tapo brahmacaryaṃ yeṣu satyaṃ pratiṣṭhitam || 1.15||

    Meaning

    Therefore those who observe this vow of Prajapati produce a pair (offspring). But theirs alone is the world of Brahman who have tapas and brahmacarya, in whom truth is established.

  17. Verse 17

    teṣāmasau virajo brahmaloko na yeṣu jihmamanṛtaṃ na māyā ceti || 1.16||

    Meaning

    Theirs is that stainless world of Brahman in whom there is no crookedness, no falsehood, and no illusion.

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