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Katha Upanishad

Chapter 2

प्रथमाध्याये द्वितीया वल्ली

Adhyaya 1 · Valli 2

Verses

  1. Verse 1

    anyacchreyo'nyadutaiva preyaste ubhe nānārthe puruṣaṃ sinītaḥ | tayoḥ śreya ādadānasya sādhu bhavati hīyate'rthādya u preyo vṛṇīte || 1||

    Meaning

    (Yama:) 'The good (shreyas) is one thing; the pleasant (preyas) is quite another. Both, with different aims, bind a man. Of the two, it is well for him who chooses the good; he who chooses the pleasant misses the goal.'

  2. Verse 2

    śreyaśca preyaśca manuṣyametaḥ tau samparītya vivinakti dhīraḥ | śreyo hi dhīro'bhi preyaso vṛṇīte preyo mando yogakṣemādvṛṇīte || 2||

    Meaning

    'Both the good and the pleasant come to a man; the wise one, having examined them, distinguishes the two. The wise prefers the good to the pleasant; the dull-witted chooses the pleasant for the sake of getting and keeping.'

  3. Verse 3

    sa tvaṃ priyānpriyarūpāṃśca kāmān abhidhyāyannaciketo'tyasrākṣīḥ | naitāṃ sṛṅkāṃ vittamayīmavāpto yasyāṃ majjanti bahavo manuṣyāḥ || 3||

    Meaning

    'You, O Nachiketa, pondering the desires that are dear or of dear form, have let them go. You have not taken this way of wealth, in which many men sink.'

  4. Verse 4

    dūramete viparīte viṣūcī avidyā yā ca vidyeti jñātā | vidyābhīpsinaṃ naciketasaṃ manye na tvā kāmā bahavo'lolupanta || 4||

    Meaning

    'Wide apart and leading to different ends are these two — ignorance (avidya) and what is known as knowledge (vidya). I regard Nachiketa as one desirous of knowledge, for the many desires did not tempt you away.'

  5. Verse 5

    avidyāyāmantare vartamānāḥ svayaṃ dhīrāḥ paṇḍitaṃmanyamānāḥ | dandramyamāṇāḥ pariyanti mūḍhā andhenaiva nīyamānā yathāndhāḥ || 5||

    Meaning

    'Dwelling in the midst of ignorance, thinking themselves wise and learned, the deluded go round and round, staggering, like blind men led by the blind.'

  6. Verse 6

    na sāmparāyaḥ pratibhāti bālaṃ pramādyantaṃ vittamohena mūḍham | ayaṃ loko nāsti para iti mānī punaḥ punarvaśamāpadyate me || 6||

    Meaning

    'The hereafter never shines before the childish one who is heedless and deluded by the glamour of wealth. Thinking "this world alone exists, there is no other," he falls again and again under my (Death's) sway.'

  7. Verse 7

    śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ śṛṇvanto'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ | āścaryo vaktā kuśalo'sya labdhā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ || 7||

    Meaning

    'He (the Self) of whom many do not even get to hear, whom many, though hearing, do not know — wonderful is the teacher of Him and skilful the attainer; wonderful is the knower, taught by a skilful teacher.'

  8. Verse 8

    na nareṇāvareṇa prokta eṣa suvijñeyo bahudhā cintyamānaḥ | ananyaprokte gatiratra nāsti aṇīyān hyatarkyamaṇupramāṇāt || 8||

    Meaning

    'Taught by an inferior man, this (Self) cannot be truly known, for it is variously thought of. Unless taught by another (who is one with It), there is no access to it, for it is subtler than the subtle, beyond the range of reasoning.'

  9. Verse 9

    naiṣā tarkeṇa matirāpaneyā proktānyenaiva sujñānāya preṣṭha | yāṃ tvamāpaḥ satyadhṛtirbatāsi tvādṛṅno bhūyānnaciketaḥ praṣṭā || 9||

    Meaning

    'This understanding is not to be attained by reasoning; taught by another, it is well understood, O dearest. Such are you who have attained it — of true resolve. May we ever have an inquirer like you, O Nachiketa.'

  10. Verse 10

    jānāmyahaṃ śevadhirityanityaṃ na hyadhruvaiḥ prāpyate hi dhruvaṃ tat | tato mayā nāciketaścito'gniḥ anityairdravyaiḥ prāptavānasmi nityam || 10||

    Meaning

    (Nachiketa or Yama:) 'I know that the treasure (of works) is impermanent, for the eternal cannot be attained by impermanent things. Yet by impermanent means I have kindled the Nachiketa fire and attained the (relatively) permanent.'

  11. Verse 11

    kāmasyāptiṃ jagataḥ pratiṣṭhāṃ kratorānantyamabhayasya pāram | stomamahadurugāyaṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ dṛṣṭvā dhṛtyā dhīro naciketo'tyasrākṣīḥ || 11||

    Meaning

    'O Nachiketa, you, being wise, have steadfastly relinquished (all this) — though you beheld the fulfilment of desire, the basis of the world, the endless fruit of rites, the far shore of fearlessness, the greatly praised and wide-coursing (path), the (very) ground (of attainment).'

  12. Verse 12

    taṃ durdarśaṃ gūḍhamanupraviṣṭaṃ guhāhitaṃ gahvareṣṭhaṃ purāṇam | adhyātmayogādhigamena devaṃ matvā dhīro harṣaśokau jahāti || 12||

    Meaning

    'The wise one, having realized through meditation on the Self (adhyatma-yoga) that Deity hard to perceive, hidden, lodged in the cave (of the intellect), seated in the depths, primeval — gives up both joy and sorrow.'

  13. Verse 13

    etacchrutvā samparigṛhya martyaḥ pravṛhya dharmyamaṇumetamāpya | sa modate modanīyaṃ hi labdhvā vivṛtaṃ sadma naciketasaṃ manye || 13||

    Meaning

    'A mortal, having heard this and grasped it well, having drawn out this dharma-endowed subtle Self (from the body) and attained it, rejoices, for he has gained the source of joy. I think the abode (of Brahman) is wide open for Nachiketa.'

  14. Verse 14

    anyatra dharmādanyatrādharmādanyatrāsmātkṛtākṛtāt | anyatra bhūtācca bhavyācca yattatpaśyasi tadvada || 14||

    Meaning

    'That which you see as other than dharma and other than adharma, other than this cause and effect, other than the past and the future — tell me that.'

  15. Verse 15

    sarve vedā yatpadamāmananti tapāṃsi sarvāṇi ca yadvadanti | yadicchanto brahmacaryaṃ caranti tatte padaṃ saṅgraheṇa bravīmyomityetat || 15||

    Meaning

    (Yama:) 'The goal which all the Vedas declare, which all austerities proclaim, desiring which men lead the life of brahmacarya — that goal I tell you in brief: it is Om.'

  16. Verse 16

    etaddhyevākṣaraṃ brahma etaddhyevākṣaraṃ param | etaddhyevākṣaraṃ jñātvā yo yadicchati tasya tat || 16||

    Meaning

    'This syllable (Om) is verily Brahman; this syllable is verily the Supreme. Knowing this very syllable, whatever one desires, that becomes his.'

  17. Verse 17

    etadālambanaṃ śreṣṭhametadālambanaṃ param | etadālambanaṃ jñātvā brahmaloke mahīyate || 17||

    Meaning

    'This support is the best; this support is the supreme. Knowing this support, one is glorified in the world of Brahman.'

  18. Verse 18

    na jāyate mriyate vā vipaścinnāyaṃ kutaścinna babhūva kaścit | ajo nityaḥ śāśvato'yaṃ purāṇo na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre || 18||

    Meaning

    'The wise (Self) is not born and does not die; It did not come from anywhere, nor did anything come from It. Unborn, eternal, everlasting, ancient — It is not slain when the body is slain.'

  19. Verse 19

    hantā cenmanyate hantuṃ hataścenmanyate hatam | ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate || 19||

    Meaning

    'If the slayer thinks he slays, and if the slain thinks he is slain, both these do not understand: this (Self) neither slays nor is slain.'

  20. Verse 20

    aṇoraṇīyānmahato mahīyānātmā'sya jantornihito guhāyām | tamakratuḥ paśyati vītaśoko dhātuprasādānmahimānamātmanaḥ || 20||

    Meaning

    'The Self, subtler than the subtle, greater than the great, is hidden in the heart of this creature. One who is free from desire beholds Him, and the majesty of the Self, through the serenity of the senses (and mind), and becomes free from sorrow.'

  21. Verse 21

    āsīno dūraṃ vrajati śayāno yāti sarvataḥ | kastaṃ madāmadaṃ devaṃ madanyo jñātumarhati || 21||

    Meaning

    'Sitting, He travels far; lying, He goes everywhere. Who but I (the wise) can know that God, who is (at once) joyful and joyless (beyond joy)?'

  22. Verse 22

    aśarīraṃ śarīreṣvanavastheṣvavasthitam | mahāntaṃ vibhumātmānaṃ matvā dhīro na śocati || 22||

    Meaning

    'Knowing the Self — bodiless among bodies, stable among the unstable, great and all-pervading — the wise man does not grieve.'

  23. Verse 23

    nāyamātmā pravacanena labhyo na medhayā na bahunā śrutena | yamevaiṣa vṛṇute tena labhyaḥ tasyaiṣa ātmā vivṛṇute tanūṃ svām || 23||

    Meaning

    'This Self cannot be attained by study (of the Vedas), nor by intellect, nor by much hearing. He whom the Self chooses — by him alone is It attained; to him the Self reveals Its own form.'

  24. Verse 24

    nāvirato duścaritānnāśānto nāsamāhitaḥ | nāśāntamānaso vā'pi prajñānenainamāpnuyāt || 24||

    Meaning

    'One who has not desisted from bad conduct, who is not tranquil, who is not concentrated, or whose mind is not at peace, cannot attain It even through knowledge.'

  25. Verse 25

    yasya brahma ca kṣatraṃ ca ubhe bhavata odanaḥ | mṛtyuryasyopasecanaṃ ka itthā veda yatra saḥ || 25||

    Meaning

    'He for whom both the Brahmana and the Kshatriya (the whole creation) are, as it were, food, and death is the seasoning (the sauce) — who truly knows where He is?'

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