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Katha Upanishad

Chapter 3

प्रथमाध्याये तृतीया वल्ली

Adhyaya 1 · Valli 3

Verses

  1. Verse 1

    ṛtaṃ pibantau sukṛtasya loke guhāṃ praviṣṭau parame parārdhe | chāyātapau brahmavido vadanti pañcāgnayo ye ca triṇāciketāḥ || 1||

    Meaning

    'The knowers of Brahman, and those who maintain the five fires and have thrice kindled the Nachiketa fire, speak of the two (the individual self and the supreme Self) who, having entered the cave (of the heart) in the highest region, enjoy the fruit of their works — as shade and light.'

  2. Verse 2

    yaḥ seturījānānāmakṣaraṃ brahma yat param | abhayaṃ titīrṣatāṃ pāraṃ nāciketaṃ śakemahi || 2||

    Meaning

    'May we master that Nachiketa fire, which is the bridge for sacrificers, and (may we know) the supreme, imperishable Brahman, the fearless shore for those who wish to cross over.'

  3. Verse 3

    ātmānaṃ rathinaṃ viddhi śarīraṃ rathameva tu | buddhiṃ tu sārathiṃ viddhi manaḥ pragrahameva ca || 3||

    Meaning

    'Know the Self as the lord of the chariot, and the body as the chariot; know the intellect (buddhi) as the charioteer, and the mind as the reins.'

  4. Verse 4

    indriyāṇi hayānāhurviṣayāṃ steṣu gocarān | ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ bhoktetyāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ || 4||

    Meaning

    'The senses, they say, are the horses; the objects of the senses are their roads. The Self joined with the body, senses, and mind — the wise call Him the enjoyer (experiencer).'

  5. Verse 5

    yastvavijñānavānbhavatyayuktena manasā sadā | tasyendriyāṇyavaśyāni duṣṭāśvā iva sāratheḥ || 5||

    Meaning

    'He who is without discrimination, whose mind is ever unrestrained — his senses are uncontrollable, like the vicious horses of a charioteer.'

  6. Verse 6

    yastu vijñānavānbhavati yuktena manasā sadā | tasyendriyāṇi vaśyāni sadaśvā iva sāratheḥ || 6||

    Meaning

    'But he who has discrimination, whose mind is ever restrained — his senses are controllable, like the good horses of a charioteer.'

  7. Verse 7

    yastvavijñānavānbhavatyamanaskaḥ sadā'śuciḥ | na sa tatpadamāpnoti saṃsāraṃ cādhigacchati || 7||

    Meaning

    'He who is without discrimination, thoughtless, and ever impure does not reach that goal, but enters the round of birth and death (samsara).'

  8. Verse 8

    yastu vijñānavānbhavati samanaskaḥ sadā śuciḥ | sa tu tatpadamāpnoti yasmādbhūyo na jāyate || 8||

    Meaning

    'But he who has discrimination, with a controlled mind, ever pure, reaches that goal, from which he is not born again.'

  9. Verse 9

    vijñānasārathiryastu manaḥ pragrahavānnaraḥ | so'dhvanaḥ pāramāpnoti tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam || 9||

    Meaning

    'The man who has discrimination for his charioteer and the mind for his (well-held) reins reaches the end of the journey — that supreme abode of Vishnu.'

  10. Verse 10

    indriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthā arthebhyaśca paraṃ manaḥ | manasastu parā buddhirbuddherātmā mahānparaḥ || 10||

    Meaning

    'Beyond the senses are the objects; beyond the objects is the mind; beyond the mind is the intellect; beyond the intellect is the Great Self (the cosmic intellect).'

  11. Verse 11

    mahataḥ paramavyaktamavyaktātpuruṣaḥ paraḥ | puruṣānna paraṃ kiṃcitsā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ || 11||

    Meaning

    'Beyond the Great is the Unmanifest (avyakta); beyond the Unmanifest is the Purusha (the Supreme Person). Beyond the Purusha there is nothing at all — that is the culmination, that is the supreme goal.'

  12. Verse 12

    eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍho''tmā na prakāśate | dṛśyate tvagryayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣmadarśibhiḥ || 12||

    Meaning

    'This Self, hidden in all beings, does not shine forth; but It is seen by subtle seers through their sharp and subtle intellect.'

  13. Verse 13

    yacchedvāṅmanasī prājñastadyacchejjñāna ātmani | jñānamātmani mahati niyacchettadyacchecchānta ātmani || 13||

    Meaning

    'Let the wise one merge speech in the mind, and the mind in the intellect (the knowing self); let him merge the intellect in the Great Self, and that in the peaceful Self.'

  14. Verse 14

    uttiṣṭhata jāgrata prāpya varānnibodhata | kṣurasya dhārā niśitā duratyayā durgaṃ pathastatkavayo vadanti || 14||

    Meaning

    'Arise! Awake! Having approached the great (teachers), understand (the Self). Sharp as the edge of a razor and hard to cross — thus the wise declare the path (to be) difficult to tread.'

  15. Verse 15

    aśabdamasparśamarūpamavyayaṃ tathā'rasaṃ nityamagandhavacca yat | anādyanantaṃ mahataḥ paraṃ dhruvaṃ nicāyya tanmṛtyumukhāt pramucyate || 15||

    Meaning

    'Knowing that which is soundless, touchless, formless, undecaying, likewise tasteless, eternal, and odourless; that which is without beginning and end, beyond the Great, and constant — one is freed from the jaws of death.'

  16. Verse 16

    nāciketamupākhyānaṃ mṛtyuproktaṃ sanātanam | uktvā śrutvā ca medhāvī brahmaloke mahīyate || 16||

    Meaning

    'The wise man who has heard and repeated this ancient story of Nachiketa, told by Death, is glorified in the world of Brahman.'

  17. Verse 17

    ya imaṃ paramaṃ guhyaṃ śrāvayed brahmasaṃsadi | prayataḥ śrāddhakāle vā tadānantyāya kalpate | tadānantyāya kalpata iti || 17||

    Meaning

    'He who, being pure, causes this supreme secret to be heard in an assembly of Brahmanas, or at the time of the shraddha — that leads him to infinite (fruit); it leads to the infinite.'

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