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Bhagavad Geeta · Krishna

Chapter 17

श्रद्धात्रयविभागयोग

Yoga through Discerning the Three Divisions of Faith

Verses

  1. Verse 1

    arjuna uvāca ye śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajante śraddhayā'nvitāḥ| teṣāṃ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvamāho rajastamaḥ||17.1||

    Meaning

    Arjuna asked, "My Lord, what is the condition of those who perform acts of sacrifice not according to the scriptures, but with implicit faith? Is it one of purity, passion, or ignorance?"

  2. Verse 2

    śrī bhagavānuvāca trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṃ sā svabhāvajā| sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṃ śṛṇu||17.2||

    Meaning

    Lord Shri Krishna replied: Man has an inherent faith in one or another of the qualities—purity, passion, and ignorance. Now, listen.

  3. Verse 3

    sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata| śraddhāmayo'yaṃ puruṣo yo yacchraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ||17.3||

    Meaning

    Every person's faith conforms to their nature. By nature, they are full of faith. They are, in fact, what their faith makes them.

  4. Verse 4

    yajante sāttvikā devānyakṣarakṣāṃsi rājasāḥ| pretānbhūtagaṇāṃścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ||17.4||

    Meaning

    The pure worship the true God; the passionate, the powers of wealth and magic; the ignorant, the spirits of the dead and lower orders of nature.

  5. Verse 5

    aśāstravihitaṃ ghoraṃ tapyante ye tapo janāḥ| dambhāhaṅkārasaṃyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ||17.5||

    Meaning

    Those who practice austerities not commanded by scripture, who are enslaved to hypocrisy and egotism, who are carried away by the fury of desire and passion,

  6. Verse 6

    karṣayantaḥ śarīrasthaṃ bhūtagrāmamacetasaḥ| māṃ caivāntaḥśarīrasthaṃ tānviddhyāsuraniścayān||17.6||

    Meaning

    They are ignorant and torment the organs of the body, harassing Me who lives within. Know that they are devoted to evil.

  7. Verse 7

    āhārastvapi sarvasya trividho bhavati priyaḥ| yajñastapastathā dānaṃ teṣāṃ bhedamimaṃ śṛṇu||17.7||

    Meaning

    The food that people enjoy is also threefold, like the ways of sacrifice, austerity, and almsgiving. Listen to the distinction.

  8. Verse 8

    āyuḥsattvabalārogyasukhaprītivivardhanāḥ| rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā āhārāḥ sāttvikapriyāḥ||17.8||

    Meaning

    The foods that prolong life, increase purity, vigour, health, cheerfulness, and happiness are those that are delicious, soothing, substantial, and agreeable; these are loved by the pure.

  9. Verse 9

    kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ| āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ||17.9||

    Meaning

    Those in whom passion is dominant like foods that are bitter, sour, salty, overly hot, pungent, dry, and burning. These produce unhappiness, repentance, and disease.

  10. Verse 10

    yātayāmaṃ gatarasaṃ pūti paryuṣitaṃ ca yat| ucchiṣṭamapi cāmedhyaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasapriyam||17.10||

    Meaning

    The ignorant love food that is stale, not nourishing, putrid, and corrupt; the leftovers of others, and unclean.

  11. Verse 11

    aphalākāṅkṣibhiryajño vidhidṛṣṭo ya ijyate| yaṣṭavyameveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ||17.11||

    Meaning

    Sacrifice is pure when it is offered by one who does not covet the fruit of it, when it is done according to the commands of scripture, and with implicit faith that the sacrifice is a duty.

  12. Verse 12

    abhisaṃdhāya tu phalaṃ dambhārthamapi caiva yat| ijyate bharataśreṣṭha taṃ yajñaṃ viddhi rājasam||17.12||

    Meaning

    Sacrifice which is performed for the sake of its results, or for self-glorification - that, O best of Aryans, is the product of passion.

  13. Verse 13

    vidhihīnamasṛṣṭānnaṃ mantrahīnamadakṣiṇam| śraddhāvirahitaṃ yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate||17.13||

    Meaning

    Sacrifice that is contrary to scriptural command, that is unaccompanied by prayers or gifts of food or money, and is without faith—that is the product of ignorance.

  14. Verse 14

    devadvijaguruprājñapūjanaṃ śaucamārjavam| brahmacaryamahiṃsā ca śārīraṃ tapa ucyate||17.14||

    Meaning

    Worship of God and the Master; respect for the preacher and the philosopher; purity, rectitude, continence, and harmlessness—all of these constitute physical austerity.

  15. Verse 15

    anudvegakaraṃ vākyaṃ satyaṃ priyahitaṃ ca yat| svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ caiva vāṅmayaṃ tapa ucyate||17.15||

    Meaning

    Speech that hurts no one, that is true, pleasant to listen to, and beneficial, and the constant study of the scriptures—this is austerity of speech.

  16. Verse 16

    manaḥprasādaḥ saumyatvaṃ maunamātmavinigrahaḥ| bhāvasaṃśuddhirityetattapo mānasamucyate||17.16||

    Meaning

    Serenity, kindness, silence, self-control, and purity—these are the austerities of the mind.

  17. Verse 17

    śraddhayā parayā taptaṃ tapastattrividhaṃ naraiḥ| aphalākāṅkṣibhiryuktaiḥ sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate||17.17||

    Meaning

    These threefold austerities, performed with faith and without thought of reward, can truly be considered pure.

  18. Verse 18

    satkāramānapūjārthaṃ tapo dambhena caiva yat| kriyate tadiha proktaṃ rājasaṃ calamadhruvam||17.18||

    Meaning

    Austerity coupled with hypocrisy, or performed for the sake of self-glorification, popularity, or vanity, comes from passion, and its result is always uncertain and temporary.

  19. Verse 19

    mūḍhagrāheṇātmano yatpīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ| parasyotsādanārthaṃ vā tattāmasamudāhṛtam||17.19||

    Meaning

    Austerity done under delusion, and accompanied with sorcery or the infliction of pain upon oneself or another, may be assumed to spring from ignorance.

  20. Verse 20

    dātavyamiti yaddānaṃ dīyate'nupakāriṇe| deśe kāle ca pātre ca taddānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam||17.20||

    Meaning

    The gift that is given without thought of recompense, believing it should be made, in an appropriate place, at an opportune time, and to a deserving person—such a gift is pure.

  21. Verse 21

    yattu pratyupakārārthaṃ phalamuddiśya vā punaḥ| dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṃ taddānaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam||17.21||

    Meaning

    That which is given for the sake of the results it will produce, or with the hope of recompense, or grudgingly—that may truly be said to be the outcome of passion.

  22. Verse 22

    adeśakāle yaddānamapātrebhyaśca dīyate| asatkṛtamavajñātaṃ tattāmasamudāhṛtam||17.22||

    Meaning

    And that which is given at an inappropriate place or time or to one who is undeserving, or with disrespect or contempt - such a gift is the result of ignorance.

  23. Verse 23

    tatsaditi nirdeśo brahmaṇastrividhaḥ smṛtaḥ| brāhmaṇāstena vedāśca yajñāśca vihitāḥ purā||17.23||

    Meaning

    Om Tat Sat is the triple designation of the Eternal Spirit, by which the Vedic Scriptures, ceremonials, and sacrifices were ordained of old.

  24. Verse 24

    tasmādomityudāhṛtya yajñadānatapaḥkriyāḥ| pravartante vidhānoktāḥ satataṃ brahmavādinām||17.24||

    Meaning

    Therefore, all acts of sacrifice, gifts, and austerities prescribed by the scriptures are always begun by those who understand the Spirit with the word "Om."

  25. Verse 25

    tadityanabhisandhāya phalaṃ yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ| dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ||17.25||

    Meaning

    Those who desire deliverance begin their acts of sacrifice, austerity, or gift with the word "Tat" (meaning "That"), without thought of reward.

  26. Verse 26

    sadbhāve sādhubhāve ca sadityetatprayujyate| praśaste karmaṇi tathā sacchabdaḥ pārtha yujyate||17.26||

    Meaning

    Sat' means Reality or the highest Good, and also, O Arjuna, it is used to denote an action of exceptional merit.

  27. Verse 27

    yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ saditi cocyate| karma caiva tadarthīyaṃ sadityevābhidhīyate||17.27||

    Meaning

    Conviction in sacrifice, austerity, and giving is also called Sat. So too, an action done only for the Lord's sake.

  28. Verse 28

    aśraddhayā hutaṃ dattaṃ tapastaptaṃ kṛtaṃ ca yat| asadityucyate pārtha na ca tatpretya no iha||17.28||

    Meaning

    Whatever is done without faith, whether it be sacrifice, austerity, gift, or anything else, is called Asat (meaning "Unreal"), for it is the negation of Sat, O Arjuna! Such an act has no significance, here or hereafter.

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